Bioavailability: Physical, Chemical, and Biological Interactions

Jerry Hamelink Hudsonville, MI
Peter F Landrum
Harold Bergman University of Wyoming
William H Benson Nat'l Health & Environmental Effects Res Lab, Gulf Breeze, FL

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Cat. #: L1086 ISBN: 1566700868 Publication Date: 7/12/1994 Number of Pages: 256

Proceedings of a workshop held in Pellston, Michigan, in 1992 under the auspices of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)

Both practical and provocative, Bioavailability reviews our current understanding of the physical-chemical-biological mechanisms that control the bioavailability of both organic and inorganic contaminants in aquatic environments. It provides valuable insights and discusses the complex issues that surround many regulatory issues. Emphasis is placed on the need to identify and control that portion of the total concentration that is biologically available and can cause adverse effects, i.e., "active". The influence of dynamic factors, such as pH, alkalinity, and light on these mechanisms is thoroughly discussed.

The subject of speciation for both organic and inorganic contaminants is addressed in detail. A comprehensive, mechanistic understanding of the conditions controlling exposure, bioaccumulation processes, and chemical effects is imperative if society is to institute appropriate safeguards to maintain environmental health, while maximizing economic growth.

Contents

• Introduction (J.L. Hamelink, P.F. Landrum, H.L. Bergman, and W.H. Benson).
• Water Chemistry: Physicochemical Factors Affecting Toxicity in Freshwater: Hardness, pH, and Temperature (F.L. Mayer, Jr., L.L. Marking, T.D. Bills, and G.E. Howe).
• Chemical and Biological Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Contaminants in Seawater (J.P. Knezovich).
• Synopsis of Discussion Session on Physicochemical Factors Affecting Toxicity (R. Erickson, T.D. Bills, J.R. Clark, D. Hansen, J.P. Knezovich, F.L. Mayer, and A.E. McElroy).
• Inorganic Toxicants: Ligands and the Bioavailability of Metals in Aquatic Environments (M.C. Newman and C.H. Jagoe).
• Synopsis of Discussion Session on the Bioavailability of Inorganic Contaminants (W.H. Benson, J.J. Alberts, H.E. Allen, C.D. Hunt, and M.C. Newman).
• Organic Toxicants: Interactions of Organic Pollutants with Inorganic Solid Phases: Are They Important to Bioavailability? (A. Spacie).
• Interactions of Organic Chemicals with Particulate and Dissolved Organic Matter in the Aquatic Environment (F.A.P.C. Gobas and X. Zhang).
• Synopsis of Discussion Session: Influences of Particulate and Dissolved Material on the Bioavailability of Organic Compounds (I.H. Suffet, L.L. Williams, C.T. Jafvert, J. Kukkonen, M.R. Servos, A. Spacie, and J.A. Noblet).
• Dynamic Environmental Factors: Photochemical Aspects of Bioavailability (D.G. Crosby).
• Effects of Redox Processes on Acid-Producing Potential and Metal Mobility in Sediments (J. Hong, U. Förstner, and W. Calmano).
• Sediment-Water Exchange Processes (B. Sundby).
• Synopsis of Discussion Session: Effects of Variable Redox Potentials, pH, and Light on Bioavailability in Dynamic Water-Sediment Environments (J.S. Meyer, W. Davison, B. Sundby, J.T. Oris, D.J. Lauren, U. Förstner, J. Hong, and D.G. Crosby).
• Kinetic Limitations or Dissolution: Unraveling the Choreography of Contaminant Kinetics: Approaches to Quantifying the Uptake of Chemicals by Organisms (D. MacKay).
• Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms that Regulate the Accumulation and Toxicity of Environmental Chemicals in Fish (J.M. McKim).
• Synopsis of Discussion Session on the Kinetics Behind Environmental Bioavailability (P.F. Landrum, W.L. Hayton, H. Lee II, L.S. McCarty, D. MacKay, and J.M. McKim).
• Closing Remarks: Summary and Conclusions (K.L. Dickson, J.P. Giesy, R. Parrish, and L. Wolfe).
• Index.